But is that enough?ĭoes it provide us a complete picture of the company? How do you decide if a company has a sustainable competitive advantage? You can use Porter’s Five Forces Model to check the quality of a company and industry. We use various financial ratios to check a company’s financial health. We conclude that down-regulation of beta 1 receptor mRNA contributes to down-regulation of beta 1 adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart.As an investor, we read and analyse financial statements before investing in a company. Decreased mRNA abundance in the failing ventricles was confirmed by RNase protection assays in total RNA, which also demonstrated a 50% reduction in beta 1 message abundance. In these same nonfailing and failing left ventricles the respective beta 1-adrenergic receptor densities were 67.9 +/- 6.9 fmol/mg vs. Using 100-mg aliquots of left ventricular myocardium obtained from organ donors (nonfailing ventricles, n = 12) or heart transplant recipients (failing ventricles, n = 13), the respective beta 1 mRNA levels measured by QPCR were 4.2 +/- 0.7 x 10(7)/micrograms vs. By QPCR the concentration of beta 1 receptor mRNA varied from 0.34 to 7.8 x 10(7) molecules/microgram poly(A)(+)-enriched RNA, and the assay was sensitive to 16.7 zeptomol. Because the beta 1 receptor gene is intronless and beta 1 receptor mRNA abundance is low, QPCR yielded genomic amplification in total RNA, and mRNA measurements had to be performed in poly (A)(+)-enriched RNA. Due to the extremely low abundance of beta 1 receptor mRNA, measurements were possible only by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) or by RNase protection methods. We tested the hypothesis that down-regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart is related to decreased steady-state levels of beta 1 receptor mRNA. Heart failure in humans is characterized by alterations in myocardial adrenergic signal transduction, the most prominent of which is down-regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors.

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